Stack
24Basic
DuplicateDup Duplicate an object on the stack
DropRemove an object from the stack
SwapExchange objects in levels 1 and 2
OverDuplicate object at level 2 on the stack
RotMove object from level 3 to level 1
UnRotMove object from level 1 to level 3
NipRemove object at level 2 on the stack
DepthGet the current stack depth
ClearClearStack Remove all objects from the stack
Multiple objects
Duplicate2Dup2 Duplicate two objects on the stack
DuplicateNDupN Duplicate a group of N objects, N being given in stack level 1
DuplicateTwiceDupDup Duplicate the same object twice on the stack
NDuplicateNNDupN Replicate one object N times and return N
Drop2Remove two objects form the stack
DropNRemove N objects from the stack, N being given in level 1.
PickDuplicate object at position N on the stack
Pick3Duplicate object at level 3 on the stack
UnPickMove object from level 1 to level N.
RollMove object at level N to level 1
RollDownRollD Move object from level 1 to level N
Last things
LastArgumentsLastArg Put the last arguments back on the stack.
LastXPut the last first argument on the stack.
UndoRestore the stack to its last state before executing an interactive command.
StackEditorEnter the interactive stack (◀ key): browse levels, Edit, Eval, Roll, Pick, Drop, →List.
Arithmetic & Real
66Basic operations
+add Add two values.
-subtract Subtract two values
×*, multiply You can repeat a list by multiplying it by a number.
÷/, divide Divide two values
↑^, pow Raise to the power
Negateneg Negate the value in level 1.
x⁻¹inv, Invert Invert the value in level 1
absModulus Return the absolute value for a real number.
signSign of a number, -1, 0 or 1.
x²sq, Square Square of the input
x³cubed Cube of a number: x³.
√SquareRoot, sqrt Compute the square root
∛CubeRoot, cbrt Compute the cube root
xrootRaise to the inverse power.
MinSmallest of 2 objects
MaxLargest of 2 objects
Parts & rounding
IntegerPartIP, IntPart Integer part of a number
FractionalPartFP, FracPart Fractional part of a number
floorLargest integer less than the input
ceilSmallest integer larger than the input
RoundRnd Round a number to the given number of figures
TruncateTrnc Truncate a number to the given number of figures
Mantissamant Mantissa of a real number
Exponentxpon Exponent of a real number
SignificantDigitsSigDig Number of significant digits in a real number
StdRndStandardRound Round a value based on a standard uncertainty, implementing Rule 3.
RelRndRelativeRound Round a value based on a relative uncertainty, implementing Rule 2 and Rule 3.
PrcRndPrecisionRound Round one value to the precision of another one.
Percent
%Percent Percentage of a number
%Change%Ch, PercentChange Percentage of change on a number
%Total%T, PercentTotal Get percentage of a total
Integer arithmetic
modRemainder of the integer division
remRemainder of integer division (sign follows the dividend); `mod` follows the divisor.
QuoRemQuotientRemainder, Div2 Euclidean division, returning quotient and remainder.
GreatestCommonDenominatorGCD Greatest common divisor of two integers.
LeastCommonMultipleLCM Least common multiple of two integers.
FactorsDecompose an integer into its prime factorization.
IsPrimeTest whether an integer is prime.
NextPrNextPrime Return the smallest prime strictly greater than the input.
PrevPrPreviousPrime Return the largest prime strictly smaller than the input.
Probability & special functions
x!!, fact Factorial of a number
Combinationscomb Combinations: number of ways to choose X items among Y (binomial coefficient).
Permutationsperm Permutations: number of ordered arrangements of X items among Y.
ΓGamma, tgamma Gamma function Γ(x); Γ(n+1)=n!
lnΓLnGamma, lgamma Natural logarithm of the Gamma function, ln Γ(x).
erfError function erf(x).
erfcComplementary error function 1−erf(x).
RandomNumberrand Generate a random real number between 0 and 1, 1 being excluded.
RandomGenerate a pseudo-random number between two bounds.
RandomSeedrdz Initialize random number generator with a seed.
Number conversions
→Decimal→Num, ToDecimal Convert fractions and symbolic constants to decimal form.
→ℚ→Q, ToFraction Convert decimal values to fractions.
→ℚπXQ, ToQuotient Convert decimal values to a rational form, or a rational form with π, square roots, natural logs, or the Eule…
R→I→Int, ToInteger Convert decimal values to integers.
ContinuedFractionDFC Decompose a real number into its continued fraction coefficients (Décomposition en Fraction Continue).
ContinuedFractionToFractionDFC2F Reconstruct a real number from its continued fraction coefficient list.
CycleCycle through various representations of the object on the first level of the stack.
RealToBinaryR→B Convert an integer or real to a based (binary) number in the current base.
BinaryToRealB→R Convert a based number to a decimal integer.
Ranges & uncertainty
→Range→Interval, ToRange Build a range (interval in the form a…b) out of two individual components for the low and high value:
→∆RangeToDeltaRange Build a delta range (range of the form a±b) out of two individual components for the center and delta value.
→%RangeToPercentRange Build a percentage range (range of the form a±b%) out of two individual components for the center value and p…
→σRange→Un, ToUncertain Build an uncertain number (range of the form a±σb) out of two individual components for the mean and standard…
Range→FromRange Split a range into its lower and upper bounds (or center/uncertainty for ± forms).
∪Union, RangeUnion Perform the union of two ranges
∩Intersect, RangeIntersect Perform the intersection of two ranges
Transcendental
34Circular
sinAnalytic function returning the sine of the argument.
cosAnalytic function returning the cosine of the argument
tanAnalytic function returning the tangent of the argument
sin⁻¹asin, arcsin Compute the arcsine
cos⁻¹acos, arccos Compute the arccosine
tan⁻¹atan, arctan Compute the arctangent
secAnalytic function returning the secant of the argument (1/cos).
cscAnalytic function returning the cosecant of the argument (1/sin).
cotAnalytic function returning the cotangent of the argument (cos/sin).
sec⁻¹asec, arcsec Compute the arc-secant.
csc⁻¹acsc, arccsc Compute the arc-cosecant.
cot⁻¹acot, arccot Compute the arc-cotangent.
∠atan2 Compute arctangent(y/x)
⊿Hypothenuse, hypot Calculate the hypotenuse given two values (x, y), i.e., sqrt(x^2 + y^2).
Hyperbolic
sinhCompute the hyperbolic sine
coshCompute the hyperbolic cosine
tanhCompute the hyperbolic tangent
sinh⁻¹asinh Compute the hyperbolic arcsine
cosh⁻¹acosh Compute the hyperbolic arccosine
tanh⁻¹atanh Compute the hyperbolic arctangent
sechCompute the hyperbolic secant (1/cosh)
cschCompute the hyperbolic cosecant (1/sinh)
cothCompute the hyperbolic cotangent (cosh/sinh)
sech⁻¹asech Compute the hyperbolic arcsecant
csch⁻¹acsch Compute the hyperbolic arccosecant
coth⁻¹acoth Compute the hyperbolic arccotangent
Exponential & logarithm
expCompute exponential function
lnCompute natural logarithm
exp10alog Compute anti-logarithm in base 10
log10log Compute logarithm in base 10
exp2alog2 Compute 2^x
log2Base-2 logarithm.
expm1expm Compute exp(x)-1
ln1plnp1 Compute ln(x+1)
Angles, Time & Date
34Angle conversion
→Degrees→Deg, ToDegrees Convert a number or angle to an angle in degrees.
→Radians→Rad, ToRadians Convert a number or angle to an angle in radians.
→Grads→Grad, ToGrads Convert a number or angle to an angle in grads.
→PiRadians→πr, ToPiRadians Convert a number or angle to an angle in multiple of π radians.
Degrees→RadiansD→R, DegreesToRadians Convert degrees to radians.
Radians→DegreesR→D, RadiansToDegrees Convert radians to degrees.
DegreesDeg Select degrees as the angular unit.
RadiansRad Select radians as the angular unit.
GradsGrad Select grads as the angular unit.
πradiansPiRadians Select multiples of π as the angular unit.
AngleModeSetting holding the current angle mode (Deg/Rad/Grad/πr).
SetAngleUnitsWhen this setting is active, inverse trigonometric functoins asin, acos and atan return a unit value with a u…
NoAngleUnitsThis is the opposite setting to SetAngleUnits.
DMS / HMS
→DMSToDMS Convert value to DMS format.
DMS→FromDMS Convert value from DMS format.
DMS+DMSAdd Add two angles in degrees-minutes-seconds format.
DMS-DMSSub Subtract two angles in DMS format.
→HMSToHMS Convert decimal time to HH.MMSS (Hours, Minutes, Seconds) format.
HMS→FromHMS Convert time in HH.MMSS (Hours, Minutes, Seconds) format to numerical time.
HMS+HMSAdd Add time in HH.MMSS format.
HMS-HMSSub Subtract time in HH.MMSS format
Date & time
DateReturn the current system date as a unit object in the form YYYYMMDD_date.
TimeReturn the current system time as a unit object in the form HH.MMSS_hms.
DateTimeReturn the current system date as a unit object in the form YYYYMMDD_date.
→DateSetDate Set current system date.
→TimeSetTime Set current time from a stack value HH.MMSSCC.
Date+DateAdd Add days to a date. The date format is YYYYMMDD, with an optional fractional part defining the time, as in YY…
DDaysDaysBetweenDates, DateSub Number of days between dates.
JDNJulianDayNumber Return the Julian day number for the given date and time.
JDN→DateFromJulianDayNumber Return the date for a given Julian day number.
TicksReturn system clock in milliseconds
ChronoTimeReturn the time with sub-second precision (chronometer).
TimedEvalTEval Perform EVAL and measure elapsed time
WaitWait for a key press or a time lapse.
Complex Numbers
22Parts
reReal part of a complex number
imImaginary part of a complex number
argArgument of a complex number
conjConjugate of a complex number
absModulus Return the absolute value for a real number.
signSign of a number, -1, 0 or 1.
Build & split
ℝ→ℂR→C, RealToRectangular Make a complex number in rectangular form from real and imaginary part
ℝ→PolarℂR→P, RealToPolar Make a complex number in polar form from argument and modulus
ℂ→ℝC→R, RectangularToReal Extract real and imaginary parts from a complex number in rectangular form
Polarℂ→ℝP→R, PolarToReal Extract modulus and argument from a complex number in polar form
→Rectangular→Cartesian, ToRectangular Convert a complex number or vector to rectangular (cartesian) form.
→PolarToPolar Convert a complex number or a 2D or 3D vector to polar form.
CycleCycle through various representations of the object on the first level of the stack.
Vectors ↔ complex
→CylindricalToCylindrical Convert a 3D vector to cylindrical form
→SphericalToSpherical Convert a 3D vector to spherical form.
→2D→V2, To2DVector Make a 2D vector from two components
→3D→V3, To3DVector Make a 3D vector from three components
Vector→V→, FromVector Expand a vector into its individual components
Settings
ComplexResultsAllow complex results, e.g.
RealResultsReal-only results: `-1 √` errors (default).
ComplexIBeforeImaginaryDisplay complex numbers as `2+ⅈ3`.
ComplexIAfterImaginaryDisplay as `2+3ⅈ` (default).
Vectors & Matrices
44Build
→Arry→Array, ToArray Stack to Array Command: Returns a vector or matrix built from individual elements placed on the stack and dim…
Arry→Array→, FromArray Array to Stack Command: Takes an array and returns its elements as separate values.
ConConstantArray Returns a constant array, defined as an array whose elements all have the same value.
IdnIdentityMatrix Identity Matrix Command: Returns an identity matrix, that is, a square matrix with its diagonal elements equa…
RanMRandomArray, RandomMatrix Returns an array containing random integer values between -9 and 9.
→ListToList Build a list from elements on the stack.
List→FromList Expand a list on the stack and return the number of elements.
Products & norms
⋅dot Internal product (dot product) of vectors
⨯cross Cross produce of vectors
Determinantdet Compute the determinant of a matrix
normEuclidean norm of a vector of matrix
absModulus Return the absolute value for a real number.
ColumnNormCNrm Column norm (one norm) of a matrix
RowNormRNrm Row norm (infinity norm) of a matrix
TransposeTran Transpose a matrix (without comjugate, unlike TRN)
TransConjugateTrn Complex conjugate transpose of a matrix
x⁻¹inv, Invert Invert the value in level 1
Rows & columns
MatrixToColumns→Col, →Columns Split an array into column vectors
ColumnsToMatrixCol→, Columns→ Columns to Matrix Command: Transforms a series of column vectors and a column count into a matrix containing…
MatrixToRows→Row, →Rows Split an array into row vectors
RowsToMatrixRow→, Rows→ Rows to Matrix Command: Transforms a series of row vectors and a row count into a matrix containing those row…
AddColumnCol+, Column+ Insert Columns Command: Insert columns into an existing array.
DeleteColumnCol-, Column- Delete Columns Command: Deletes one or more columns from an array.
AddRowRow+ Insert Rows Command: Insert rows into an existing array.
DeleteRowRow- Delete Rows Command: Deletes one or more rows from an array.
ColumnSwapCSwp Swap two columns in an array or vector.
RowSwapRSwp Swap two rows in an array or vector.
Elimination & factorization
RowEchelonFormREF Reduce a matrix to echelon form (upper triangular) using Gaussian elimination.
RowReducedEchelonFormRREF Fully reduce a matrix to row-reduced echelon form using Gauss-Jordan elimination.
RowReducedEchelonFormPivotsRREFPivots, RREFP Row-reduced echelon form with pivot list.
RowReducedEchelonFormModuloRREFMOD Modular row-reduced echelon form (reduction modulo the current CAS modulus).
LUFactorizationLUDecomposition, LU Crout LU factorization with partial pivoting for a square matrix A.
Elements
GetGet an element from composite data, such as list, an array or a text.
PutPut an element into composite data, such as list, an array or a text.
GetIterationGetI Extract an item and increase index
PutIterationPutI Replace an item and increase index
SizeNumber of elements in a composite
Object→Obj→, Explode Explode an object into its sub-components.
Settings
HorizontalVectorsRender vectors horizontally.
VerticalVectorsRender vectors vertically (default, flag −98).
LaxArrayResizingArray operations may resize arrays automatically.
StrictArrayResizingStrict dimension checks (default).
EchelonFormKeepLastColumnWhen set, RREF and RREFP reduce the coefficient block but leave the last column unnormalizedw.
EchelonFormReduceLastColumnWhen set, RREF and RREFP reduce the coefficient block including the last column.
Lists
37Build & split
→ListToList Build a list from elements on the stack.
List→FromList Expand a list on the stack and return the number of elements.
Object→Obj→, Explode Explode an object into its sub-components.
HeadReturn the first element of a list, or an Invalid dimension error if the list is empty.
TailReturn all but the first element of a list, or an Invalid dimension error if the list is empty.
ExtractSub Extract a group of elements from a composite
SizeNumber of elements in a composite
GetGet an element from composite data, such as list, an array or a text.
PutPut an element into composite data, such as list, an array or a text.
GetIterationGetI Extract an item and increase index
PutIterationPutI Replace an item and increase index
Sort & set operations
SortSort elements in a list or array, sorting by increasing values when comparing numers, text or symbols.
QuickSortQSort Sort elements in a list or array using the memory representation of objects.
ReverseSortSort a list or array by value, in reverse order compared to Sort.
ReverseQuickSortSort a list or array using the memory representation of objects, in reverse order compared to QuickSort.
ReverseListRevList Reverse the order of elements in a list
UniqueRemove duplicate consecutive values.
QuickUniqueRemove duplicate consecutive values that match exactly in memory
Iterate
MapApply an operation on all elements in a list or array.
ReduceStream Apply a cumulative pairwise operation on all elements in a list or array.
FilterFilter elements in a list of array based on a predicate.
DoListApply a program to corresponding elements of N lists: `{1 2} {3 4} 2 « + » DoList` → `{4 6}`.
DoSubsApply a program to successive sub-sequences of a list, N elements at a time (`NSub`/`EndSub` available inside…
NSubInside a `DoSubs` program: index of the current subsequence (1-based).
EndSubInside a `DoSubs` program: total number of subsequences.
ForNext`start finish FOR i … NEXT`: counted loop with local i.
StartNext`start finish START … NEXT`: counted loop without a variable.
Sums & differences
ΣListListSum Return the sum of a list or array.
∏ListListProduct Return the product of a list or array.
∆ListListDifferences Return the differences between successive elements in a list or array.
Settings
ListRecursionDepthThis setting selects the depth of recursion for Map, Reduce or Filter.
ListAsProgramWhen this setting is set, DB48X behaves like the HP48S and later HP devices and evaluates lists as if they we…
ListAsDataWhen this setting is set, DB48X behaves like the HP28 and evaluates lists as data.
VerticalListsRender lists vertically, one element per line (flag −97).
HorizontalListsRender lists horizontally (default).
IndexWrappedIndicator flag −64: last `GetI`/`PutI` index wrapped around.
IndexDidNotWrapIndex did not wrap.
Text, Characters & Tags
20Text ↔ object
→Text→Str, ToText Convert an object to its text representation.
Text→Str→, Compile Compile and evaluate the text, as if it was typed on the command line.
Text→ObjectCompileToObject Compile and evaluate a text argument to get a single object.
Text→NumberCompileToNumber Compile and evaluate a text argument to get a number.
Text→IntegerCompileToInteger Compile and evaluate a text argument to get an integer value.
Text→PositiveCompileToPositive Compile and evaluate a text argument to get a positive integer.
Text→RealCompileToReal Compile and evaluate a text argument to get an real number, which includes integers, fractions and decimal va…
Text→AlgebraicCompileToAlgebraic Compile and evaluate a text argument to get an algebraic value.
Text→ExpressionCompileToExpression Compile and evaluate a text argument to get an expression.
→Program→Prg, ToProgram Convert an object into a program.
Object→Obj→, Explode Explode an object into its sub-components.
Characters (Unicode)
Char→CodeNum, CharToUnicode Return the Unicode codepoint of the first character in the text, or -1 if the text is empty.
Code→TextChr, UnicodeToText Build a text out of a Unicode codepoint.
Text→CodeTextToUnicode Return a list of the Unicode codepoints for all codepoints in the given text.
SizeNumber of elements in a composite
BytesReturn the size of the object and a hash of its value.
ExtractSub Extract a group of elements from a composite
Tags
→TagToTag Apply a tag to an object.
Tag→FromTag Expand a tagged object in level 1 into its object and tag.
DeleteTagDTag Remove a tag from an object.
Bases & Bitwise
52Base selection
BinaryBin Selects base 2
OctalOct Selects base 8
DecimalDec Selects base 10
HexadecimalHex Selects base 16
BaseSelect an arbitrary base for computations
WordSizestws Store the current word size in bits.
rcwsRecallWordSize Return the current word size in bits.
MaxNumberBitsDefine the maxmimum number of bits for numbers.
RealToBinaryR→B Convert an integer or real to a based (binary) number in the current base.
BinaryToRealB→R Convert a based number to a decimal integer.
Logic (bitwise on integers)
andLogical operations combine boolean values.
orLogical operations combine boolean values.
xorLogical exclusive "or" operation: the result is true if exactly one input is true.
notLogical operations combine boolean values.
nandLogical "not and" operation: the result is true unless both inputs are true.
norLogical "not or" operation: the result is true unless either input is true.
impliesLogical implication operation: the result is true if the first input is false or the second input is true.
equivLogical equivalence operation: the result is true if both inputs are true or both inputs are false.
excludesLogical exclusion operation: the result is true if the first input is true or the second input is false.
Shift & rotate
ShiftLeftSL Shift the value left by one bit.
ShiftRightSR Shift the value right by one bit.
ArithmeticShiftRightASR Shift the value right by one bit, preserving the sign bit.
RotateLeftRL Rotate the value left by one bit.
RotateRightRR Rotate the value right by one bit.
ShiftLeftByteSLB Shift the value left by one byte (8 bits).
ShiftRightByteSRB Shift the value right by one byte (8 bits).
ArithmeticShiftRightByteASRB Shift the value right by one byte (8 bits), preserving the sign bit.
RotateLeftByteRLB Rotate the value left by one byte (8 bits).
RotateRightByteRRB Rotate the value right by one byte (8 bits).
ShiftLeftCountSLC Shift the value left by a given number of bits.
ShiftRightCountSRC Shift the value right by a given number of bits.
ArithmeticShiftRightCountASRC Shift the value right by a given number of bits, preserving the sign bit.
RotateLeftCountRLC Rotate the value left by a given number of bits.
RotateRightCountRRC Rotate the value right by a given number of bits.
Bits
SetBitSet bit N of a based number.
ClearBitClear bit N of a based number.
FlipBitFlip bit N of a based number.
FirstBitSetIndex of the lowest set bit.
LastBitSetIndex of the highest set bit.
CountBitsNumber of set bits (population count).
Settings
OnesComplementBased-number negation uses one's complement.
TwosComplementTwo's complement arithmetic on based numbers (default).
CompatibleBasedNumbersDisplay based numbers using the HP syntax, i.e.
ModernBasedNumbersDisplay based numbers using the modern DB48x syntax, i.e.
BasedSpacingSelect the spacing for based numbers.
BasedSpacesUse thin spaces to group digits of based numbers.
BasedDotOrCommaUse dot or comma to group digits of based numbers.
BasedTicksUse ticks (') to group digits of based numbers.
BasedUnderscoreUse underscores to group digits of based numbers.
BasedSeparatorCommandSetting holding the digit-group separator style for based numbers.
TruthLogicForIntegersWhen this flag is set, logical operations such as and or not applied to integers return True or False, for co…
BitwiseLogicForIntegersWhen this flag is set, logical operations such as and or not applied to integers return a bitwise numerical r…
Tests & Logic
30Comparison
=TestEQ Checks if two values are mathematically equal.
==TestSame Checks if two objects are identical after evaluating names (contrary to same which does not evaluate names).
sameChecks if two objects are identical without evaluating names (contrary to ==).
≠TestNE Check if two values are mathematically different.
<TestLT Check if the first value is less than the second value.
≤TestLE Check if the first value is less than or equal to the second value.
>TestGT Check if the first value is greater than the second value.
≥TestGE Check if the first value is greater than or equal to the second value.
TrueRepresent a logical truth, the opposite of False.
FalseRepresent a logical untruth, the opposite of True.
Logic
andLogical operations combine boolean values.
orLogical operations combine boolean values.
xorLogical exclusive "or" operation: the result is true if exactly one input is true.
notLogical operations combine boolean values.
nandLogical "not and" operation: the result is true unless both inputs are true.
norLogical "not or" operation: the result is true unless either input is true.
impliesLogical implication operation: the result is true if the first input is false or the second input is true.
equivLogical equivalence operation: the result is true if both inputs are true or both inputs are false.
excludesLogical exclusion operation: the result is true if the first input is true or the second input is false.
Conditional commands
IfThenIFT Evaluate objects on the stack conditionally
IfThenElseIFTE Evaluate objects on the stack conditionally
IfThen`IF cond THEN … END`.
IfThenElse`IF cond THEN … ELSE … END`.
CaseStatement`CASE test1 THEN … END test2 THEN … END … default END`; `value WHEN … END` compares against level 1 (DB48X sh…
CaseThenA `THEN … END` clause inside `CASE`.
CaseWhenA `value WHEN … END` clause inside `CASE`: shorthand for `DUP value = THEN`.
Type tests
TypeReturn the type of the object as a numerical value.
TypeNameReturn the type of the object as text.
DetailedTypesThe Type command returns detailed DB48X type values, which can distinguish between all DB48X object types, e.…
CompatibleTypesThe Type command returns values as close to possible to the values documented on page 3-262 of the HP50G adva…
Symbolic Algebra (CAS)
62Rewrite & simplify
↑MatchMatchUp Match pattern up and rewrite expression, starting with the innermost subexpressions first.
↓MatchMatchDown Match pattern down and rewrite expression, starting with the outermost expression first.
ExpandExpan Expand products and powers in an expression, e.g.
CollectCollect terms in an expression, factoring common terms.
SimplifySimplify an expression using the built-in rewrite rules.
FoldConstantsEvaluate constant sub-expressions, e.g.
ReorderTermsReorder terms in an expression into a canonical order.
TrigSinSimplify replacing cos(x)² with 1-sin(x)²
ApplyApply a function name to a list of arguments, building the expression `F(args)`.
QuoteReturn an object unevaluated (quoted).
SubstituteSubst Substitute a value for a variable in an expression: `'X+1' 'X=2' Subst`.
|Where Perform a substitution and evaluate the resulting expression.
IsolateIsol Isolate variable: Returns an expression that rearranges an expression given in stack level 2 to "isolate" a v…
Calculus
∂Derivative Compute the derivative function for an expression.
PrimitiveRisch Symbolic primitive (antiderivative) of an expression relative to a variable (Risch-style).
∫Integrate Perform a numerical integration of a function for a specified variable on a numerical interval.
ΣSum Summation Σ(index;from;to;expression).
∏Product Product ∏(index;from;to;expression), same syntax as Σ.
ZerosFind unique zeros of a univariate expression.
RootFind the root of an equation or of a system of equations.
Polynomials
→Polynomial→Poly, ToPolynomial Convert an algebraic object to a polynomial.
Polynomial→Poly→, FromPolynomial Convert a polynomial to an ordinary expression.
PolynomialEvaluationPEval Evaluate a polynomial at a point (Horner’s method).
PolynomialRootsPRoot Find all roots of a polynomial given by its coefficients.
PolynomialCoefficientsPCoef Build the monic polynomial whose roots are the given values.
→Arry→Array, ToArray Stack to Array Command: Returns a vector or matrix built from individual elements placed on the stack and dim…
CAS state
ⒹCASDir, AlgebraConfiguration Name reserved for the current algebra configuration directory.
ⓧRclVX, AlgebraVariable Recall the current CAS algebra variable (HP-50G VX / RCLVX).
StoreⓧStoVX, StoreAlgebraVariable Store the current CAS algebra variable (HP-50G STOVX).
EquationEq Define an equation for use in solving or integration operations.
StoreEquationStEq Store expression in Equation variable.
RecallEquationRcEq Recall expression from Equation variable.
NextEquationNextEq Cycle equations in the Equation variable if it is a list.
EvaluateEquationEvalEq Evaluate the current equation.
ListExpressionNamesLName List all variables used in an expression or polynomial, leaving the original object on the stack, and returni…
ExpressionVariablesXVars List all variables used in an expression or polynomial, returning the result as a list.
Evaluation settings
AutoSimplifyEnable automatic reduction of numeric subexpressions according to usual arithmetic rules.
NoAutoSimplifyDisable automatic reduction of numeric subexpressions according to usual arithmetic rules.
SymbolicResultsEnable the generation of symbolic results, as opposed to NumericalResults.
NumericalResultsEnable the generation of symbolic results, as opposed to SymbolicResults.
SymbolicConstantsConstants stay symbolic until `→Num` (default).
NumericalConstantsConstants such as `Ⓒπ` evaluate to their numerical value (flag −2 set).
FinalAlgebraResultsEvaluate algebraic rules on symbolic expressions repeatedly until no futher change results from applying them.
StepByStepAlgebraResultsEvaluate algebraic rules on symbolic expressions one step at a time.
ExplicitWildcardsHP style: `↑Match` wildcards must start with `&` (flag set).
ImplicitWildcardsDB48X style: any name is a wildcard; `&A` matches only `A` (default).
PrincipalSolutionSolver / `Isolate` return only the principal solution (flag −1 set).
AllSolutions`Isolate` returns the general solution with `n1`, `s1`… parameters (default).
ComplexResultsAllow complex results, e.g.
RealResultsReal-only results: `-1 √` errors (default).
MaxRewritesDefines the maximum number of rewrites in an equation.
CarefulEvaluationEvaluate carefully (flag −4 set): fully evaluate names in expressions.
LazyEvaluationLazy evaluation of names inside expressions (default).
ExplicitConstantsRequire an explicit marker to identify a constant from the constant library.
AutomaticConstantsWhen parsing, identify the constants from the constants library without an explicit Ⓒ constant marker.
Polynomial settings
NewStylePolynomialsUse DB48X polynomial objects for polynomial-oriented commands where the result is a polynomial in one variabl…
CompatiblePolynomialsUse HP-style coefficient vectors for polynomial root and coefficient commands.
PrefixPolynomialRenderRender polynomials with an `Ⓟ` prefix.
NormalPolynomialRenderRender polynomials like expressions (default).
MaxPolynomialDegreeMaximum degree accepted by PRoot, PCoef, PEval, Zeros, and coefficient conversion (ToPolynomial, ToArray on a…
MaxLaguerreIterationsMaximum iterations of Laguerre’s method per root when PRoot or Zeros uses numerical root finding (after low-d…
MaxRootDivisorLargest integer tested as a candidate divisor when PRoot or Zeros searches for rational roots (via divisors o…
Solvers & Finance
31Root finding
RootFind the root of an equation or of a system of equations.
MultipleEquationsSolverMRoot Solve a system of multiple equations simultaneously.
MultipleVariablesSolverMSlv Solve for multiple variables in a system of equations.
ZerosFind unique zeros of a univariate expression.
IsolateIsol Isolate variable: Returns an expression that rearranges an expression given in stack level 2 to "isolate" a v…
SolvingMenuInteractive solver menu for the current `Equation`: F-key = store, 🟨 = solve for variable, 🟦 = recall.
EquationEq Define an equation for use in solving or integration operations.
StoreEquationStEq Store expression in Equation variable.
RecallEquationRcEq Recall expression from Equation variable.
NextEquationNextEq Cycle equations in the Equation variable if it is a list.
EvaluateEquationEvalEq Evaluate the current equation.
Numerical integration
∫Integrate Perform a numerical integration of a function for a specified variable on a numerical interval.
IntegrationIterationsMaximum number of refinement iterations for numerical integration (default 12).
IntegrationImprecisionNumber of digits of `Precision` given up by numerical integration (default 6).
NumericalIntegration`∫` always integrates numerically.
SymbolicIntegration`∫` tries a symbolic primitive first (default).
Solver settings
SolverIterationsNumber of times the solver will try to find a solution.
SolverImprecisionSet the number of digits that can be ignored when solving.
SolverShufflesNumber of times the solver will shuffle the test vector around errors and singularities.
NumericalSolver`Root` never uses `Isolate`; pure numerical iteration.
SymbolicSolver`Root` first tries a symbolic isolation (default).
AllEquationVariables`SolvingMenu` shows variables of all equations in the `Equation` list.
CurrentEquationVariablesShow only the current equation's variables (default).
Time value of money
FinanceSolverMenuTVM Display the Time Value of Money (TVM) solver menu.
TVMRootSolves for the specified TVM variable using values from the remaining TVM variables.
TVMEquationReturn the time-value-of-money equation relating n, I%Yr, PV, PMT, FV and PYr.
TVMAmortizeAmort, TVMAmort Amortizes a loan or investment based upon the current amortization settings.
TVMAmortizationTableAmortizationSchedule, TVMAmortTable Build an amortization table based on the current amortization settings.
FinanceRoundingThis setting defines the number of digits values returned by finance values will be rounded two.
TVMPayAtBeginningOfPeriodTVMBeg This flag indicates that payments occur at the beginning of a payment period.
TVMPayAtEndOfPeriodTVMEnd This flag indicates that payments occur at the end of a payment period.
Units, Constants & Libraries
47Units
ConvertConvert value from one unit to another.
BaseUnitsUBase Expand all unit factors to their base units.
UnitValueUVal Return the numeric part of a unit object.
FactorUnitUFact Factor the unit in level 1 from the unit expression of the level 2 unit object.
→UnitToUnit Creates a unit object from a real number and the unit part of a unit object.
ApplyUnitApply a unit to a number (unit menu key): `3 ApplyUnit(km)` → `3_km`.
ConvertToUnitConvert a unit object to another unit (🟨 unit menu key).
ApplyInverseUnitDivide by a unit (🟦 unit menu key), e.g.
ConvertToUnitPrefixConvert a unit object to the same unit with a different SI prefix.
UnitsSIPrefixCycleSets a prefix cycle for SI units when using the Cycle key (EEX or ×10ⁿ, next to O) on the command-line to cyc…
CycleCycle through various representations of the object on the first level of the stack.
Constants
πPi Return the π constant (approximately 3.14159).
℮EulerianNumber Return the value of Euler's number (approximately 2.71828)
∞Infinity Return a positive infinity
−∞NegativeInfinity Return a negative infinity
LibraryConstantConst Recall the value of a library constant given by name: `'c' Const`.
ConstantNameXLibName, EquationName Return the name for a given constant, as text
ConstantValueXLibValue, EquationValue Return the value for a given constant
ConstantRangeReturn the value of a constant as a range including its standard uncertainty.
StandardUncertaintyCstSU Returns the standard uncertainty of a constant from the constants library.
RelativeUncertaintyCstRU Returns the relative uncertainty of a constant from the constants library.
→Us→StdUnc, ToStandardUncertainty Calculate standard uncertainty.
→Ur→RelUnc, ToRelativeUncertainty Calculate relative uncertainty.
ConstantsConstant objects represent named values like Euler's constant e, the ratio between circumference and diameter…
Equation & program libraries
LibraryEquationLibEq Returns the value of a library equation from the equation library.
LibraryItemXLib Returns the value of a library item from the library.
AttachLoad one or more library items from disk, ensuring that they are ready for use.
DetachUnload one or more library items from disk, freeing the memory they used.
LibrariesLibs Returns a list containing the currently attached libraries.
Settings
ShowBuiltinUnitsShow built-in units in the UnitsMenu even when a units file was loaded.
HideBuiltinUnitsHide built-in units in the UnitsMenu when a units file was loaded.
ShowBuiltinConstantsShow built-in constants after the file-defined ones (default).
HideBuiltinConstantsHide built-in constants in `ConstantsMenu` when a constants file is loaded.
ShowBuiltinEquationsShow built-in equations (default).
HideBuiltinEquationsHide built-in equations in `EquationsMenu` when an equations file is loaded.
ShowBuiltinLibraryShow the built-in library items in `Library`.
HideBuiltinLibraryHide built-in library items (default).
ShowBuiltinCharactersShow built-in character menus (default).
HideBuiltinCharactersHide built-in character menus when a characters file is loaded.
ExplicitConstantsRequire an explicit marker to identify a constant from the constant library.
AutomaticConstantsWhen parsing, identify the constants from the constants library without an explicit Ⓒ constant marker.
ExplicitXLibsRequire an explicit marker to identify a library item from the library.
AutomaticXLibsWhen parsing, identify the library entries from the library without an explicit Ⓛ library marker.
HideEquationBodyShow only the name of library equations on the stack.
ShowEquationBodyShow the body of library equations (default).
SetAngleUnitsWhen this setting is active, inverse trigonometric functoins asin, acos and atan return a unit value with a u…
NoAngleUnitsThis is the opposite setting to SetAngleUnits.
Program Control
47Evaluation
EvaluateEval Evaluate the object at stack level 1.
RunThe Run command is intended to run programs or resume their execution.
→Program→Prg, ToProgram Convert an object into a program.
QuoteReturn an object unevaluated (quoted).
WaitWait for a key press or a time lapse.
HaltThe Halt instruction interrupts the execution of a program, making it possible to insert breakpoints at speci…
KillThe Kill instruction stops the execution of the program currently being debugged.
Conditionals
IfThen`IF cond THEN … END`.
IfThenElse`IF cond THEN … ELSE … END`.
CaseStatement`CASE test1 THEN … END test2 THEN … END … default END`; `value WHEN … END` compares against level 1 (DB48X sh…
CaseThenA `THEN … END` clause inside `CASE`.
CaseWhenA `value WHEN … END` clause inside `CASE`: shorthand for `DUP value = THEN`.
IfThenIFT Evaluate objects on the stack conditionally
IfThenElseIFTE Evaluate objects on the stack conditionally
Loops
StartNext`start finish START … NEXT`: counted loop without a variable.
StartStep`start finish START … step STEP`: counted loop with increment (may be negative or fractional).
ForNext`start finish FOR i … NEXT`: counted loop with local i.
ForStep`start finish FOR i … step STEP`: counted loop with local i and increment.
DoUntil`DO … UNTIL cond END`: body runs at least once, repeats until cond is true.
WhileRepeat`WHILE cond REPEAT … END`: repeats while cond is true.
Errors
IfErrThenError trap `IFERR … THEN … END`: run the trap clause when the first clause errors.
IfErrThenElseError trap `IFERR … THEN … ELSE … END`.
ErrorMessageerrm Return the last error message as text.
ErrorNumbererrn Return the last error number.
ClearErrorerr0 Clear the last error.
DoErrordoerr Raise an error: with a text, that message; with a number, the corresponding built-in error; 0 = user interrup…
DebugOnErrorAn error during a program enters the debugger, letting you correct the problem before resuming execution.
KillOnErrorAn error kills the program without giving you the possibility to debug the problem.
NeedToClearErrorsAn error stays displayed until cleared with a key press.
NoNeedToClearErrorsErrors clear automatically on the next key (default).
Debugging
Debugdbug The Debug command takes a program or expression as an argument, and starts debugging execution of it.
SingleStepsst The SingleStep command steps through a single instruction in the RPL program.
StepOverThe StepOver command steps over the next instruction.
StepOutThe StepOut command steps out of the current code block.
MultipleStepsThe MultipleSteps instruction evaluates an arbitrary number of steps in the program being debugged.
Continuecont The Continue command resumes execution of the current RPL program at the current instruction.
HaltThe Halt instruction interrupts the execution of a program, making it possible to insert breakpoints at speci…
KillThe Kill instruction stops the execution of the program currently being debugged.
TimedEvalTEval Perform EVAL and measure elapsed time
RuntimeStatisticsRunStats Return an array containing runtime statistics, including:
GarbageCollectorStatisticsGCStats Return an array containing garbage collector statistics, including:
Last arguments
LastArgumentsLastArg Put the last arguments back on the stack.
LastXPut the last first argument on the stack.
SaveLastArgumentsSave last arguments when evaluating commands interactively.
NoLastArgumentsDisable the saving of last arguments when interactively evaluating commands.
ProgramLastArgumentsSave last arguments during program execution.
NoProgramLastArgumentsDisable the saving of command arguments during program execution.
SaveStackSave the stack before each command so `Undo` can restore it (default).
NoStackSaveDo not save the stack before commands (disables `Undo`).
Flags
14Set / clear / test
SetFlagSF Set a user or system flag.
ClearFlagCF Clear a user or system flag
FlipFlagFF Invert a user or system flag
TestFlagSetFS? Test if a flag is set
TestFlagClearFC? Test if a flag is clear
TestFlagSetThenClearFS?C Test if a flag is set, then clear it
TestFlagSetThenSetFS?S Test if a flag is set, then set it
TestFlagClearThenClearFC?C Test if a flag is clear, then clear it
TestFlagClearThenSetFC?S Test if a flag is clear, then set it
All flags
FlagsToBinaryRclF Recall all system flags as a binary number.
BinaryToFlagsStoF Store and replace all system flags from a binary number
MaxFlagsNumber of user flags available (default 128).
ModesReturns a program that will restore the current settings.
ResetModesReset all the settings to their default value.
Variables, Directories & Files
51Store & recall
StoreSto Store an object into a specified location.
RecallRcl Recall an object from a specified location.
▶Copy Copy a value into a global variable.
PurgeDelete a global variable from the current directory
PurgeAllPgAll Delete a global variable from the current directory and enclosing directories.
IncrementIncr Add one to the content of a variable
DecrementDecr Subtract one from content of a variable
Store+Sto+, StoreAdd Add a value to the content of a variable
Store-Sto-, StoreSub Subtract a value from the contents of a variable
Store×Sto×, StoreMul Multiply the contents of a variable by a value
Store÷Sto÷, StoreDiv Divide the contents of a variable by a value
Recall+Rcl+, RecallAdd Add the content of a variable to a value on the stack
Recall-Rcl-, RecallSub Subtract the contents of a variable from a value on a stack
Recall×Rcl×, RecallMul Multiply a value on the stack by the contents of a variable The value in the variable is multiplied on the ri…
Recall÷Rcl÷, RecallDiv Divide a value on the stack by the contents of a variable
Directories
CreateDirectoryMkDir, CrDir Create one or more empty directories in the current directory.
PurgeDirectoryRmDir, PgDir Delete a global variable from the current directory, including directory contents.
UpDirectoryUpDir Change current directory to its parent
HomeDirectoryHome Change current directory to HOME
DirectoryPathPath Get a path to the current directory
CurrentDirectoryReturn the current directory object.
OrderReorder variables in the current directory.
VariablesVars List all visible variables in a directory
TypedVariablesTVars List variables of a specific type
VariablesMenuThe variables menu, accessed using the VAR key, displays the variables in the current directory.
Memory
AvailableMemoryMem Return the number of bytes available in memory.
FreeMemoryReturn the number of bytes immediately available in memory, without performing a cleanup of temporary values…
SystemMemoryReturn the amount of memory available to the system (bytes).
BytesReturn the size of the object and a hash of its value.
CloneNewOb, NewObject Make a new copy of the given object
GarbageCollectGC Perform a clean-up of temporary objects and return number of bytes reclaimed.
GarbageCollectorStatisticsGCStats Return an array containing garbage collector statistics, including:
RuntimeStatisticsRunStats Return an array containing runtime statistics, including:
GCStatsClearAfterRead`GCStats` resets counters after reading.
GCStatsKeepAfterReadCounters are kept (default).
RunStatsClearAfterRead`RunStats` resets counters after reading.
RunStatsKeepAfterReadCounters are kept (default).
GCTemporariesCleanupTemporaries are cleaned only by the garbage collector.
AutomaticTemporariesCleanupTemporaries cleaned automatically (default).
State & files
SaveStateSave the machine's state to disk, using the current state if one was previously loaded.
AttachLoad one or more library items from disk, ensuring that they are ready for use.
DetachUnload one or more library items from disk, freeing the memory they used.
LibrariesLibs Returns a list containing the currently attached libraries.
Settings
NumberedVariablesThis flag enables numbered variables similar to what existed on earlier RPN calculators.
NoNumberedVariablesThis flag disables numbered variables, behaving closer to the way RPL calculators work.
StoreAtEndNew variables are added at the end of the directory / VAR menu.
StoreAtStartNew variables are added at the start (default).
DistinguishSymbolCaseDistinguish the case in symbols, i.e.
IgnoreSymbolCaseIgnore the case in symbols, i.e.
PushEvaluatedAssignment`A='2+3'` pushes `A=5`.
PushOriginalAssignment`A='2+3'` pushes the original `A='2+3'` (default).
Input, Output & Display
38Input
InputPrompts for data input to the command line and prevents the user access to stack operations.
PromptDisplay a message in the header area, then stop the currently executing program to wait for user input.
WaitWait for a key press or a time lapse.
RunThe Run command is intended to run programs or resume their execution.
HaltThe Halt instruction interrupts the execution of a program, making it possible to insert breakpoints at speci…
Output
DrawTextDisp Draw the text or object in level 2 at the position indicated by level 1.
DrawStyledTextDispXY Draw the text or object in level 3 at the position indicated by level 2, using the font specified in level 1.
ClearLCDClLCD Clear the LCD display, and block updates of the header or menu areas.
ShowDisplay the first level of the stack using the entire screen, with a possible scroll using the 4, 8, 6 and 2…
FreezeFreeze part of the display (header, stack, menu) after a graphics operation, so it is not refreshed until a k…
BeepEmit a beep of the given frequency (Hz) and duration (s): `440 0.5 Beep`.
HeaderHdr The Header command updates a special variable also called Header.
→TagToTag Apply a tag to an object.
HelpThe DB48X project includes an extensive built-in help, which you are presently reading.
ScreenCaptureCapture the current state of the screen in a dated file stored on the flash storage under the SCREENS/ direct…
Display of results
GraphicResultDisplayDisplay the first level of the stack (result) using a graphical representations for objects such as expressio…
TextResultDisplayDisplay the first level of the stack (result) using a text-only representations.
GraphicStackDisplayDisplay the stack levels above the first one using a graphical representations for objects such as expression…
TextStackDisplayDisplay the stack levels above the first one using a text-only representation.
MultiLineResultShow the result (level 1 of the stack) using multiple lines.
SingleLineResultShow the result (level 1 of the stack) on a single line.
MultiLineStackShow the levels of the stack after the first one using multiple lines.
SingleLineStackShow the levels of the stack after the first one on a single line This is the opposite of MultiLineStack.
AutoScaleStackWhen using graphic result display, automatically scale down the font size in order to make stack elements fit.
NoStackAutoScaleWhen using graphic result display, do not automatically scale down the font size in order to make stack eleme…
MaximumShowWidthMaxW Maximum number of horizontal pixels used to display an object with Show.
MaximumShowHeightMaxH Maximum number of vertical pixels used to display an object with Show.
ShowTimeLimitMaximum number of milliseconds that can be spent rendering an object for the Show command.
ResultGraphingTimeLimitMaximum amount of time that can be spent rendering the result (level 1 of the stack) graphically.
StackGraphingTimeLimitMaximum amount of time that can be spent rendering the levels of the stack above level 1.
TextRenderingSizeLimitLimit in bytes for the size of objects to be rendered on the stack.
GraphRenderingSizeLimitLimit in bytes for the size of objects to be rendered on the stack graphically.
Sound
BeepOnBeeps enabled (default).
BeepOffSilence all beeps (flag −56 set).
SilentBeepOnFlash the screen instead of beeping.
SilentBeepOffNormal audible beep (default).
ErrorBeepFrequencyFrequency (Hz) of the error beep (default 1400).
ErrorBeepDurationDuration (ms) of the error beep (default 50).
Graphics
46Pixels & shapes
DrawPixelPixOn Turn on (draw in foreground) the pixel at the given coordinates.
DrawBackgroundPixelPixOff Turn off (draw in background) the pixel at the given coordinates.
PixelGrayLevelPix?, PixTest Test the pixel at the specified coordinates and return its gray level.
PixelColorPixC?, PixColor Test the pixel at the specified coordinates and return its color as a three component values for the red, gre…
DrawLineLine Draw a line between two points specified by level 1 and level 2 of the stack.
DrawRectangleRect Draw a rectangle given two opposite corners.
DrawRoundedRectangleRRect Draw a rounded rectangle given two opposite corners and a corner radius.
DrawEllipseEllipse Draw an ellipse given two opposite corners of its bounding box (or a graphics list).
DrawCircleCircle Draw a circle given its center and radius, e.g.
ClipSet the current clipping rectangle for graphic operations.
CurrentClipReturn the current clipping rectangle.
LineWidthLine width in pixels for graphic and plot drawing (default 1).
Patterns & colors
GrayPatternGrey, Gray Create a gray pattern for graphics operations.
RGBPatternRGB Create an RGB (red-green-blue) color pattern for graphics operations.
HSVPatternHSV Create an HSV (hue-saturation-value) color pattern for graphics operations.
ColorPatternColor Create color pattern for graphics operations.
Graphic objects
→GrobToGrob Creates a graphics object from a specified object on the stack.
→HPGrobToHPGrob Turn an object into a graphic object in HP compatible format (GROB).
→BitmapToBitmap Turn an object into a graphic object in DB48x PackedBitmaps format.
→PixmapToPixmap (This command is only available for color RPL)
BlankGraphicBlank Create a blank graphic object with the specified dimensions.
BlankGrobCreate a blank HP48-compatible graphic object (GROB) with the specified dimensions.
BlankBitmapCreate a blank packed bitmap graphic object with the specified dimensions.
BlankPixmapCreate a color pixmap graphic object with the specified dimensions.
GraphicXorGXor Superimposes a source graphic object onto a destination graphic object, which can be Pict to represent what i…
GraphicOrGOr Superimposes a source graphic object onto a destination graphic object, which can be Pict to represent what i…
GraphicAndGAnd Superimposes a source graphic object onto a destination graphic object, which can be Pict to represent what i…
GraphicPicturePict Pict is the name given to the graphics shown on the calculator's screen.
→LCD→Screen, ToLCD Display a graphic object on the screen.
LCD→Screen→, FromLCD Return the content of the screen as a graphic object that is put on the stack.
ClearLCDClLCD Clear the LCD display, and block updates of the header or menu areas.
Typeset graphics
GraphicAppendAppend two graphic objects side by side.
GraphicStackGrobAdd Stack two graphic objects on top of one another.
GraphicSubscriptCombine two graphic objects with the second one in subscript position
GraphicExponentCombine two graphic objects with the second one in exponent position
GraphicRatioCombine two graphic objects as if they were in a fraction
GraphicRootGenerate a square root sign around a graphical object
GraphicParenthesesGenerate parentheses around a graphical object
GraphicNormGenerate a norm (vertical bars) around a graphical object
GraphicSumGenerate a sum (capital Sigma) sign of the given size
GraphicProductGenerate a product (capital Pi) sign of the given size
GraphicIntegralGenerate an integral sign of the given size
Settings
CompatibleGROBsWhen this flag is set, graphic operations will generate HP48 compatible GROB objects.
PackedBitmapsWhen this flag is set, graphic operations will generate DB48x graphic objects, which are slightly denser and…
SoftwareDisplayRefreshOn hardware calculator, use the software display refresh.
DMCPDisplayRefreshOn hardware calculators, use the DMCP system background display refresh.
Plotting
33Plot commands
FunctionPlotFunction Plot a function in the form y=f(x).
PolarPlotPolar Plot a function in polar coordinates, where r=f(θ).
ParametricPlotParametric Plot a parametric curve where x and y are both functions of a parameter.
TruthPlotTruth Plot a curve where an expression in x and y is tested.
ScatterPlotScatter Create a scatter plot from the first two columns of a matrix, the first column representing the horizontal ax…
BarPlotBar Create a bar chart from a vector of values.
HistogramPlotHistogram Create a histogram from a data vector on the stack.
DrawPlotDraw Draw the plot for the current `Equation` (EQ) using `PlotParameters`, like HP's DRAW.
DrawAxesDrax Draw the plot axes according to `PlotParameters`.
EquationEq Define an equation for use in solving or integration operations.
StoreEquationStEq Store expression in Equation variable.
RecallEquationRcEq Recall expression from Equation variable.
Plot parameters
PlotParametersPPar The PlotParameters reserved variable defines the plot parameters, as a list, with the following elements:
PlotMinPMin Set the minimum value for the current plot range.
PlotMaxPMax Set the maximum value for the current plot range.
PlotXRangeXRng, XRange Set the X-axis range for the current plot.
PlotYRangeYRng, YRange Set the Y-axis range for the current plot.
PlotScaleScale Set the plot scale (units per 10 pixels) in X and Y, adjusting `PlotParameters`.
PlotScaleXScaleH, XScale Set the horizontal plot scale.
PlotScaleYScaleW, YScale Set the vertical plot scale.
PlotCenterCentr, Center Set the coordinates of the center of the plot in `PlotParameters`.
ResolutionRes Set the plot resolution (interval between independent-variable samples; a based number gives pixels).
IndependentVariableINDEP, Indep Set the independent variable in PlotParameters.
DependentVariableDEPND, Depnd Set the dependent variable in PlotParameters.
Settings
DrawPlotAxesDraw axes (default).
NoPlotAxesDo not draw axes when plotting (flag −29 set).
CurveFillingConnect samples with lines when plotting (default).
NoCurveFillingDo not connect plotted points (flag −31 set).
XYPlotBinsNumber of bins used to draw XY plots (e.g.
StatsPlotBinsNumber of bins used to draw statistical plots (e.g.
PlotRefreshRateScreen refresh interval (µs) while plotting.
GraphingTimeLimitMaximum number of milliseconds that can be spent rendering an object graphically.
LineWidthLine width in pixels for graphic and plot drawing (default 1).
Statistics
48Data
ΣDataΣDat, StatsData The ΣData variable contains the statistics data, in the form of a matrix.
ΣParametersΣPar, StatsParameters The ΣParameters variable contains the statistics parameters, as a list with five elements:
Σ+AddData Add data to the statistics data array ΣData.
Σ-RemoveData Remove the last data entered in the statistics array, and pushes it on the stack.
RecallΣRclΣ, RecallData Recall statistics data and puts it on the stack
StoreΣStoΣ, StoreData Stores an array from the stack as statistics data in the ΣData variable.
ClearΣClΣ, ClearData Clear statistics data.
ΣSizeNΣ, DataSize Return the number of data rows in the statistics data array ΣData.
ΣColumnsColΣ, DataColumns Set both the independent and dependent data columns in the reserved variable ΣParameters.
IndependentColumnXCol Set the independent variable column in the reserved variable ΣParameters.
DependentColumnYCol Set the dependent variable column in the reserved variable ΣParameters.
Summary statistics
ΣTotalTot, DataTotal Returns the sum of all columns in the statistics data array ΣData.
ΣMeanMean, Average Compute the average (mean) of the values in the statistics data.
MedianCompute the median of the values in the statistics data array ΣData.
ΣMinMinΣ, MinData Compute the smallest of the values in the statistics data array ΣData.
ΣMaxMaxΣ, MaxData Compute the largest of the values in the statistics data array ΣData.
VarianceVar Calculates the sample variance of the coordinate values in each of the columns in the current statistics matr…
StandardDeviationSDev Calculates the sample standard deviation of each of the columns of coordinate values in the current statistic…
CovarianceCov Returns the sample covariance of the independent and dependent data columns in the current statistics matrix…
CorrelationCorr Returns the correlation coefficient of the independent and dependent data columns in the current statistics m…
PopulationVariancePVar Calculates the population variance of the coordinate values in each of the m columns in the current statistic…
PopulationStandardDeviationPSDev Calculates the population standard deviation of each of the m columns of coordinate values in the current sta…
PopulationCovariancePCov Computes the population covariance of the independent and dependent data columns in the current statistics ma…
FrequencyBinsBins Sort into frequency bins.
Sums
ΣXSumOfX Return the sum of values in the XCol column of the statistics data array ΣData.
ΣYSumOfY Return the sum of values in the YCol column of the statistics data array ΣData.
ΣXYSumOfXY Return the sum of the product of values in the XCol and YCol columns of the statistics data array ΣData.
ΣX²ΣX2, SumOfXSquares Return the sum of the squares of the values in the XCol column of the statistics data array ΣData.
ΣY²ΣY2, SumOfYSquares Return the sum of the squares of the values in the YCol column of the statistics data array ΣData.
Regression
LinearRegressionLR Uses the currently selected statistical model to calculate the linear regression coefficients (intercept and…
SlopeReturn the slope value last computed by LinearRegression
InterceptReturn the intercept value last computed by LinearRegression
PredictXPredX Predict X from Y using the current fit model.
PredictYPredY Predict Y from X using the current fit model.
RegressionFormulaΣLine Return the regression formula for the current fit as an expression.
BestFitSelect the best linear regression mode based on current data, i.e.
LinearFitLinFit Select linear fit, i.e.
ExponentialFitExpFit Select exponential fit, i.e.
LogarithmicFitLogFit Select logarithmic fit, i.e.
PowerFitPwrFit Select power fit, i.e.
LinearFitSumsWhen this setting is active, statistics functions that return sums, such as ΣXY or ΣX², operate without any a…
CurrentFitSumsWhen this setting is active, statistics functions that return sums, such as ΣXY or ΣX², will adjust their inp…
Random
RandomNumberrand Generate a random real number between 0 and 1, 1 being excluded.
RandomGenerate a pseudo-random number between two bounds.
RandomSeedrdz Initialize random number generator with a seed.
RanMRandomArray, RandomMatrix Returns an array containing random integer values between -9 and 9.
RandomGeneratorBitsDefine the number of random bits generated by ACORN random number generator, between 32 and 4096 bits.
RandomGeneratorOrderDefine the order of the ACORN random number generator, i.e.
Menus & Keyboard
101Menu commands
MenuThis command shows up a system menu or defines a custom menu.
TemporaryMenuTMenu The TMenu command works like Menu, but does not define the CustomMenu variable.
RecallMenuRclMenu Return the last menu entry, or 0 if there is no current menu.
LastMenuThe LastMenu function (🟨 A), returns back in the history of past visited menus.
CustomMenuCst The CustomMenu command activates a menu defined by the variable of the same name.
ToggleCustomMenuThe ToggleCustomMenu command toggles between the VariablesMenu and the CustomMenu.
VariablesMenuThe variables menu, accessed using the VAR key, displays the variables in the current directory.
ToolsMenuThe ToolsMenu invokes a context-dependent menu adapted to the top level of the stack.
CatalogThe Catalog command is triggered by the + command while in Alpha mode, or using 🟨 + otherwise (CAT).
MenuNextPageShow the next page of the current menu (F6 ▶ when the menu overflows).
MenuPreviousPageShow the previous menu page (🟨 F6 ◀).
MenuFirstPageReturn to the first page of the current menu.
User mode & key assignment
ToggleUserModeToggle UserMode between on and off states.
UserModeEnables user mode. The opposite setting is UserModeOff.
UserModeOffDisable user mode. The opposite setting is UserMode.
UserModeLockLock user mode when using ToggleUserMode, meaning that user mode will not automatically be disabled after the…
UserModeOnceEnable temporary user mode, where the first activation of ToggleUserMode only enables user mode for a single…
KeyMapKeys Key assignments on DB48x are not global, unlike what happens with ASN on HP claculators.
AssignKeyAsn The ASN command defines the behaviour of a given key in user mode.
StoreKeysStoKeys Defines multiple keys on the user keyboard by assigning objects to specified keys.
RecallKeysRclKeys Recall the current user key assignment in the current directory.
DeleteKeysDelKeys Delete key assignments.
StandardKeySKey The StandardKey is given as an argument to AssignKey or StoreKeys to erase a specific key assignment.
UserModeMenuMenu for user-mode keyboard customization: ASN, StoKeys, RclKeys, DelKeys, user mode on/off/lock.
Math menus
MainMenuThe Main menu gives access to all the functions in your calculator, sorted by cathegory.
MathMenuThe Math menu gives access to mathematical functions like SIN in your calculator.
RealMenuMenu: Trig · Hyper · Powers · Prob · Angles · Parts · Ceil · Floor · rem · % · %Chg · %Total · Min · Max · mo…
PartsMenuMenu: R→I · →ℚ · →ℚπ · →Decimal · SignificantDigits · Truncate · Mantissa · Exponent · ceil · floor · abs · s…
FractionsMenuMenu: Frac→ · 1 1/2 · ¹/₃ · FractionIterations · FractionLargestPrime · FractionDigits · %Total · %Chg · DMS+…
PowersMenuExpLogMenu Menu: pow · xroot · FstSet · LstSet · popcnt · Hyper · exp2 · log2 · expm1 · ln1p · x³ · ∛ · exp · ln · exp10…
NumbersMenuMenu: →Int · IsPrime · NextPr · PrevPr · GCD · LCM · →Num · →Q · →Qπ · R#Seed · RandomGeneratorBits · RandomG…
ProbabilitiesMenuMenu: Normal · Student · Chi² · F-Distr · FFT · Γ · ln(Γ) · erf · erfc · RSeed · Comb · Perm · x!
ComplexMenuMenu: 2+i3 · ℝ∡ℝ→ℂ · ℂ→ℝ∡ℝ · Auto ℂ · Angles · →Rect · →Polar · conj · sign · |z| · arg · ℝ→ℂ · ℂ→ℝ · re · im
RangeMenuMenu: Size · →Range · →∆Range · →%Range · →σRange · ∪ · ∩ · Range→
VectorMenuMenu: Hypot · Atan2 · →Vec2 · →Vec3 · Vec→ · →Cylind · Complex · Matrix · Norm · Dot · Cross · →Rect · →Polar…
MatrixMenuMenu: RowNrm · ColNrm · CondNum · Size · Vector · Det · Norm · →Array · Array→ · Random · Idnty · Const · Tra…
AnglesMenuMenu: →DMS · DMS→ · DMS+ · DMS- · Hypot · Atan2 · →Deg · →Rad · →Grad · →πr · →Polar · →Rect · Deg · Rad · Gr…
CircularMenuMenu: sec · csc · cot · sec⁻¹ · csc⁻¹ · cot⁻¹ · sin · cos · tan · sin⁻¹ · cos⁻¹ · tan⁻¹
HyperbolicMenuMenu: csch · sech · coth · csch⁻¹ · sech⁻¹ · coth⁻¹ · sinh · cosh · tanh · sinh⁻¹ · cosh⁻¹ · tanh⁻¹
BasesMenuMenu: WordSize · NAnd · NOr · Implies · Excludes · Base · Bin · Oct · Dec · Hex · And · Or · Xor · Not · SLC…
StatisticsMenuMenu: StoΣ · RclΣ · ClrΣ · Proba · Plot · XCol · YCol · MinΣ · MaxΣ · ΣSize · Σ+ · Σ- · Total · Mean · StdDev…
SignalProcessingMenuMenu: FFT · InvFFT
Symbolic & solver menus
SymbolicMenuMenu: Integ · DSolve · Simplify · KeepAll · Arith · Calc · Trig · Exp/Ln · Poly · Graph · Collect · Expand ·…
AlgebraMenuMenu: Ⓓ · ⓧ · Stoⓧ · Final · &Wild · Symb · ∂ · ∫ · ∑ · ∏ · ∆ · →Qπ · ↓Match · ↑Match · Isolate · Apply · Sub…
ArithmeticMenuMenu: Show · Quote · | · Rules · Symb · ∂ · ∫ · ∑ · ∏ · ∆ · Taylor
CalculationMenuMenu: Limit · Serie · Taylor · Symb · LName · XVars · Deriv · DerivX · IBF · IntVX
TrigIdentitiesMenuMenu: Symb · HalfTan · Tan→SinCos · Tan→SinCos² · TExpand · TLin · TrigSin
ExpLogIdentitiesMenuMenu: ExpLn · Lin · LnCollect · SinCos · TExpand · Symb
IntegrationMenuDifferentiationMenu Menu: Σ · ∏ · ∂ · ∫ · Num ∫ · Symb ∫ · Eq · Indep
PolynomialsMenuMenu: MSolvr · Solve · TVMRoot · FRoots · XRoot · FCoef · Obj→ · Display · QuoRem · Root · Zeros · MRoot · →P…
SolverMenuMSolvr Menu: Multi · Finance · Plot · Eqns · SolverImprecision · SolverIterations · ▶Eq · Stoⓧ · Symb · Diff · Poly…
NumericalSolverMenuMenu: Eq · Indep · Root · SolverMenu
SymbolicSolverMenuMenu: Eq · Indep · Root · Isolate · SolverMenu
PolynomialSolverMenuMenu: Eq · Indep · Root · SolverMenu
LinearSolverMenuMenu: Eq · Indep · Root · SolverMenu
MultiSolverMenuMenu: Eqs · Indeps · MRoot · SolverMenu
DifferentialSolverMenuMenu: Eq · Indep · Root · SolverMenu
SolvingMenuInteractive solver menu for the current `Equation`: F-key = store, 🟨 = solve for variable, 🟦 = recall.
FinanceSolverMenuTVM Display the Time Value of Money (TVM) solver menu.
Program & object menus
ProgramMenuMenu: Stack · Debug · Objects · List · Flag · Version · Mem · Test · Cmp · Loop · Base · Eval · Run
TestsMenuMenu: Case · Then · When · Compare · Loops · Prog · IfThen · IfElse · IfErr · IfErrElse · IFT · IFTE · < · =…
CompareMenuMenu: true · false · Tests · Loops · Prog · and · or · xor · not · == · Unimplemented · < · = · > · ≤ · ≠ · ≥
LoopsMenuMenu: Compare · Prog · Label · Goto · Gosub · Return · Start · StStep · For · ForStep · Until · While
ListMenuMenu: Sort · RSort · Map · Reduce · Filter · QSort · RQSort · ∑List · ∏List · ∆List · →List · List→ · Size ·…
StackMenuMenu: DupN · DropN · Depth · Nip · Pick3 · Dup2 · Drop2 · Rot↓ · Roll↓ · Pick · Dup · Drop · Rot↑ · Roll↑ · O…
ClearThingsMenuMenu: Stack · Purge · Stats · Mem · Error · LCD
ObjectMenuMenu: Eval · Run · Clone · DTag · Tag→ · Tools · →List · →Text · →Tag · →Graph · →Prog · →Array · Bytes · Typ…
FlagsMenuMenu: Prog · Loops · Modes · F→Bin · Bin→F · Tests · Flip · Set?Set · Clr?Set · Set · Clear · Set?
TextMenuMenu: T→Real · T→Expr · T→Int · T→Pos · T→Code · Code→T · Extract · T→Obj · T→Alg · T→Num · →Text · Text→ · L…
CharactersMenuThe CharactersMenu, which can be accessed using 🟦 2 (CHAR), presents a convenient way to insert characters.
DebugMenuThe debug menu contains operations necessary to debug RPL programs:
MemoryMenuMenu: Free · TVars · PgAll · CurDir · GCStats · Avail · Vars · Home · Path · GC · Store · Recall · Purge · Cr…
FilesMenuMenu: Seek · Dir · Save · Load · Open · Close · Read · Write · Libs · Attach · Detach · Voltage · USB?
IOMenuMenu: Save · MinimumBatteryVoltage · Save · Load · Print · Voltage · USB?
PrintingMenuMenu: Print · Screen · Disk · IR
Libraries & units menus
ConstantsMenuConstantsLibrary, ConLib The ConstantsMenu gives access to numerous constants, shown in various categories.
EquationsMenuEquationsLibrary, EqnLib Content loaded dynamically at runtime.
LibraryThe Library is a catalog of frequently used and rarely modified objects that are stored on disk in the config…
UnitsMenuContent loaded dynamically at runtime.
UnitsConversionsMenuMenu: µ (-6) · n (-9) · p (-12) · T (+12) · P (+15) · m (-3) · c (-2) · k (+3) · M (+6) · G (+9) · Convert ·…
Modes, graphics & time menus
ModesMenuThe ModesMenu controls the primary modes of the calculator.
DisplayModesMenuThe DisplayModesMenu is accessible through 🟨O and gives a quick access to the various display settings.
SeparatorModesMenuThis menu contains the configuration of separators used when displaying numbers.
MathModesMenuThe MathModesMenu controls settings related to mathematical computations.
UserInterfaceModesMenuMenu: 3-lines · 1-line · Flat · Round · Hide · ResultFont · StackFont · EditorFont · MultilineEditorFont · Cu…
PlotMenuMenu: Lines · Axes · StatsPlotBins · XYPlotBins · PlotRefreshRate · Foregnd · Backgnd · LineWdth · Xrange · Y…
GraphicsMenuMenu: PixOn · PixOff · Pix?
TimeMenuShow a softkey menu for time-related commands:
DateMenuShow a softkey menu for date-related commands, including:
AlarmMenuMenu: AckAll · Time · Date · Alarm · Ack · →Alarm · Alarm→ · FindAlm · DelAlm
EditMenuMenu: Stack · Hist↑ · Hist↓ · Csr⇄Sel · |← · →| · Replace · Copy · Clear · Select · ←Word · Word→ · Search ·…
Menu appearance
ThreeRowsMenusDisplay menus on up to three rows, with shift and double-shift functions showns above the primary menu functi…
SingleRowMenusDisplay menus on a single row, with labels changing using shift.
FlatMenusDisplay menus on a single row, flattened across multiple pages.
MenuAppearanceSetting holding the menu layout (SingleRowMenus/FlatMenus/ThreeRowsMenus).
RoundedMenusDisplay menus using rounded black or white tabs.
SquareMenusDisplay menus using square white tabs.
ExitKeepsMenuBy default, the EXIT key clears the current menu if not editing.
ExitClearsMenuRestore the default behaviour where EXIT clears the current menu when not editing.
ShowEmptyMenuShow empty menu entries.
HideEmptyMenuRestore the default behaviour where empty menus entries are not shown, leaving more space for the stack displ…
Editor & UI Actions
54Editing
EditEdit the object in level 1 in the command-line editor (▶ key).
StackEditorEnter the interactive stack (◀ key): browse levels, Edit, Eval, Roll, Pick, Drop, →List.
EditorSelectEditor: start/stop text selection.
EditorCutCut the text selection to the clipboard.
EditorCopyCopy the selected text to the clipboard.
EditorPasteInsert the clipboard contents on the command-line.
EditorSearchIncremental search in the text editor.
EditorReplaceEditor: search and replace.
EditorClearEditor: clear the command line.
EditorFlipEditor: flip cursor and selection anchor.
EditorWordLeftEditor: move one word left.
EditorWordRightEditor: move one word right.
EditorBeginEditor: move to beginning of line/text.
EditorEndEditor: move to end of line/text.
EditorHistoryRecall the previous command line from history (🟨 ◀ when not editing).
EditorHistoryBackMove back in the command-line history.
EditorWrapColumnColumn at which the editor will start wrapping long lines of code.
TabWidthWidth of a tab in the editor, in pixels.
CursorBlinkRateSet the cursor blink rate in millisecond, between 50ms (20 blinks per second) and 5000ms (blinking every 5 se…
Keyboard actions (bindable)
UILeftShiftKeyboard action: yellow shift (🟨).
UIRightShiftKeyboard action: blue shift (🟦).
UINoShiftKeyboard action: cancel shift.
UIAlphaKeyboard action: toggle uppercase alpha mode.
UILowercaseKeyboard action: toggle lowercase alpha mode.
UINoAlphaKeyboard action: leave alpha mode.
UIAlgebraicKeyboard action: start an algebraic expression `''` or insert `()` (the ' () key).
UITextKeyboard action: insert `""` text delimiters (🟦 ENTER).
UIExitKeyboard action: EXIT / cancel / interrupt.
UIEnterKeyboard action: ENTER (in alpha mode).
UIDecimalKeyboard action: decimal separator key.
UILeftKeyboard action: cursor left (◀).
UIRightKeyboard action: cursor right (▶).
UIUpKeyboard action: cursor up (🟨◀).
UIDownKeyboard action: cursor down (🟨▶).
UIBackspaceKeyboard action: backspace.
UIDeleteKeyboard action: delete character under cursor.
SelfInsertEditor: insert the key's own label text (used by soft-menu keys that insert text).
ReplaceCharEditor: replace the character left of the cursor (used by the character catalog).
InsertHmsEditor: insert an H:MM:SS / DMS separator while typing an angle or time.
Power & system
PowerOffOff Turn calculator off programmatically
PowerOffWithImageOffWithImage Power off and show the off-screen image (🟨 EXIT).
SystemSetupDisplay the built-in system setup
SaveStateSave the machine's state to disk, using the current state if one was previously loaded.
VersionReturn DB48X version information as text.
BatteryVoltageReturn the current battery voltage as a decimal value.
PowerVoltageReturn the voltage of the power source.
USBPoweredReturns True if the calculator is connected to USB power.
LowBatteryReturns True if the calculator is running low on battery, which is defined as having less than 1/4th of the c…
DMCPLowBatteryReturns True if the calculator is running low on battery according to the DMCP get_lowbat_state() function.
MinimumBatteryVoltageThis setting defines the minimum battery voltage in millivolts where the calculator will automatically switch…
BatteryRefreshThis setting defines the refresh interval in milliseconds between checks or updates of the battery levels.
BusyIndicatorRefreshRefresh interval (ms) of the busy indicator in the header.
ChuckChuckNorris The most powerful command in DB48x.
UnimplementedPlaceholder raising an `Unimplemented` error; last command in the catalog.
Display & Number Formatting
83Display mode
StandardDisplayStd Display numbers using full precision.
SignificantDisplaySig Display up to the given number of digits without trailing zero.
FixedDisplayFix Display numbers rounded to a specific number of decimal places.
ScientificDisplaySci Display numbers in scientific notation, i.e.
EngineeringDisplayEng Display numbers as a mantissa with a specified number of digits, followed by an exponent that is a multiple o…
DisplayModeSetting holding the current display mode (Std/Sig/Fix/Sci/Eng); recall with `'DisplayMode' RCL`.
DisplayDigitsNumber of digits for the current display mode (`3 FIX` sets it to 3).
StandardExponentSelect the maximum exponent before switching to scientific notation.
MinimumSignificantDigitsSelect the minimum number of significant digits before switching to scientific notation in FIX and SIG mode.
PrecisionPrec Set the default computation precision, given as a number of decimal digits.
TrailingDecimalDisplay a trailing decimal separator to distinguish decimal from integer types.
NoTrailingDecimalHide the trailing decimal separator for decimal values with no fractional part.
LeadingZeroDisplay a leading zero for fractional decimal values, i.e.
NoLeadingZeroDo not display the leading zero for fractional decimal values, i.e.
FancyExponentDisplay the exponent in scientific mode using a fancy rendering that is visually similar to the normal mathem…
ClassicExponentDisplay the exponent in scientific mode in a way reminiscent of classical HP48 calculators, for example 1.23E…
FixedWidthDigitsUse fixed-width digits so columns of numbers align.
VariableWidthDigitsProportional digits (default).
Fractions
MixedFractionsDisplay fractions as mixed fractions when necessary, e.g.
ImproperFractionsDisplay fractions as improper fractions, e.g.
SmallFractionsShow fractions using smaller characters, for example ¹²/₄₃
BigFractionsShow fractions using regular characters, for example 12/43
ShowAsDecimalShow integer numbers like 25 and fractions like 3/2 as decimal values.
ShowIntegersAndFractionsShow integer numbers like 25 and fractions like 3/2 as is.
FractionIterations→QIterations Define the maximum number of iterations converting a decimal value to a fraction.
FractionDigits→QDigits Define the maximum number of digits of precision converting a decimal value to a fraction.
FractionLargestPrime→QπMaxPrime Define the largest prime used when extracting square factors during →Qπ conversion.
Separators & spacing
DecimalDotSelect the dot as a decimal separator, e.g.
DecimalCommaSelect the comma as a decimal separator, e.g.
MantissaSpacingSelect the spacing for the non-fractional part of the mantissa.
FractionSpacingSelect the spacing for the fractional part of the mantissa.
BasedSpacingSelect the spacing for based numbers.
NumberSpacesSeparate digits with thin spaces.
NumberDotOrCommaSeparate digits with dots if DecimalComma is active, and with commas if DecimalDot is active.
NumberTicksSeparate digits with ticks ’.
NumberUnderscoreSeparate digits with underscores _.
NumberSeparatorCommandSetting holding the digit-group separator style for numbers (spaces, dot/comma, ticks, underscore).
Command & name spelling
LowerCaseCommandsLowerCase Display comands using the short form in lower case, for example sto.
UpperCaseCommandsUpperCase Display comands using the short form in upper case, for example STO.
CapitalizedCommandsCapitalized Display comands using the short form capitalized, for example Sto.
LongFormCommandsLongForm Display comands using the long form, for example Store.
CommandDisplayModeSetting holding the command spelling mode (LowerCase/UpperCase/Capitalized/LongForm).
LowerCaseSymbolsLowerCaseNames Display names using the short form in lower case, for example varName will show as varname.
UpperCaseSymbolsUpperCaseNames Display names using the short form in upper case, for example varName will show as VARNAME.
CapitalizedSymbolsCapitalizedNames Display names using the short form capitalized, for example varName will show as VarName.
LongFormSymbolsLongFormNames Display names using the long form, for example varName will show as varName.
NameDisplayModeSetting holding the symbol spelling mode.
Numeric behaviour
HardwareFloatingPointHardFP, HFP Use IEEE-754 binary float (32-bit below 7 digits, 64-bit below 16) — faster, not exact for decimals.
SoftwareFloatingPointSoftFP, SFP Use variable-precision decimal arithmetic (default).
MaxNumberBitsDefine the maxmimum number of bits for numbers.
MaximumDecimalExponentLargest decimal exponent before overflow (default 2⁶⁰).
MaxFactorsBitsMaximum number of bits for integers accepted by prime-related commands: IsPrime, Factors, NextPr, and PrevPr.
MaxFactorIterationsMaximum number of Pollard's Rho iterations per attempt when factoring integers with Factors.
IgnorePrecisionLossSilently ignore loss of precision (e.g.
ReportPrecisionLossReport precision loss with an error (default).
TooManyDigitsErrorsError when a number literal has more digits than `Precision`.
NoErrorForTooManyDigitsExtra digits are kept silently (default).
UseCrossForMultiplicationRender multiplication as `×`.
UseDotForMultiplicationRender multiplication as `·` (default).
Overflow, underflow & infinity
InfinityValue`1/0` returns the `∞` constant and sets `InfiniteResultIndicator` (flag −22 set).
InfinityError`1/0` raises `Division by zero` (default).
OverflowValueOverflow returns ±∞ and sets an indicator flag (default: value).
OverflowErrorOverflow raises an error (flag −21 clear).
UnderflowValueUnderflow returns 0 and sets an indicator flag (default: value).
UnderflowErrorUnderflow raises an error (flag −20 clear).
UndefinedValue`0/0` returns the `?` undefined constant.
UndefinedError`0/0` raises `Undefined operation` (default).
ZeroOverZeroIsUndefined`0/0` gives the undefined value `?`.
ZeroOverZeroIsError`0/0` is an error (default).
ZeroPowerZeroIsUndefined`0^0` gives `?`.
ZeroPowerZeroIsOne`0^0` = 1 (default).
OverflowIndicatorIndicator flag −25: an overflow occurred.
NoOverflowNo overflow recorded.
PositiveUnderflowIndicatorIndicator flag −24: a positive underflow occurred.
NoPositiveUnderflowNo positive underflow recorded.
NegativeUnderflowIndicatorIndicator flag −23: a negative underflow occurred.
NoNegativeUnderflowNo negative underflow recorded.
InfiniteResultIndicatorIndicator flag −26: an infinite result was produced.
NoInfiniteResultNo infinite result recorded.
UndefinedResultIndicatorIndicator flag: an undefined result was produced.
NoUndefinedResultNo undefined result recorded.
Programs
VerticalProgramRenderingRender programs on multiple lines with indentation.
HorizontalProgramRenderingRender programs on a single line (default).
Header, Date/Time & Theme
97Header
HeaderHdr The Header command updates a special variable also called Header.
CustomHeaderRefreshThis setting indicates how frequently a custom Header should be evaluated.
ShowDateShow the date in the header (default).
HideDateHide the date in the header.
ShowTimeShow the time in the header (default).
HideTimeHide the time in the header (flag −40 clear).
ShowSecondsShow seconds in the header clock.
HideSecondsHide seconds (default).
Time24H24-hour clock (default, flag −41).
Time12H12-hour clock with AM/PM.
ShowDayOfWeekShow the day of week (default).
HideDayOfWeekHide the day of week in the header.
ShowMonthNameShow the month name (default).
HideMonthNameShow the month as a number in the header.
DayBeforeMonthDate shown as day/month (default).
MonthBeforeDayDate shown as month/day (flag −42 clear).
YearLastDate shown with the year last (default).
YearFirstDate shown with the year first (ISO style).
FourDigitYearFour-digit year (default).
TwoDigitYearTwo-digit year in dates.
DateSlashDisplay dates with `/` separators.
DateDashDisplay dates with `-` separators.
DateDotDisplay dates with `.` separators.
DateSpaceDisplay dates with space separators.
DateSeparatorCommandSetting holding the date separator (DateSlash/DateDash/DateDot/DateSpace).
ShowVoltageShow battery voltage next to the battery icon (default).
HideVoltageHide the battery voltage in the header.
Fonts
ResultFontFont used for the level-1 result.
StackFontFont used for stack levels above 1.
EditorFontFont used in the single-line editor.
MultilineEditorFontFont used in the multi-line editor.
CursorFontFont of the cursor in the single-line editor.
MultilineCursorFontFont of the cursor in the multi-line editor.
HeaderFontFont used in the header area.
Theme colors
BackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for background.
ForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for foreground.
StackBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for stack background.
StackForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for stack foreground.
StackLevelBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for stack level background.
StackLevelForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for stack level foreground.
StackLineForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for stack line foreground.
ResultBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for result background.
ResultForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for result foreground.
EditorBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for editor background.
EditorForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for editor foreground.
EditorLineForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for editor line foreground.
ErrorBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for error background.
ErrorForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for error foreground.
ErrorBorderTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for error border.
PlotErrorBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for plot error background.
SelectionBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for selection background.
SelectionForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for selection foreground.
CursorSelBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for cursor sel background.
CursorBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for cursor background.
CursorForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for cursor foreground.
CursorBorderTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for cursor border.
CursorAlphaBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for cursor alpha background.
CursorAlphaForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for cursor alpha foreground.
CursorAlphaBorderTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for cursor alpha border.
SearchBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for search background.
SearchForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for search foreground.
CommandBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for command background.
CommandForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for command foreground.
UserCommandBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for user command background.
UserCommandBorderTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for user command border.
UserCommandForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for user command foreground.
MenuBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for menu background.
RoundMenuBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for round menu background.
RoundMenuForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for round menu foreground.
SquareMenuBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for square menu background.
SquareMenuForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for square menu foreground.
SelectedMenuForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for selected menu foreground.
SkippedMenuBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for skipped menu background.
FolderCornerForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for folder corner foreground.
UnimplementedForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for unimplemented foreground.
HeaderBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for header background.
HeaderForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for header foreground.
DateForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for date foreground.
TimeForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for time foreground.
StateNameForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for state name foreground.
RunningIconForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for running icon foreground.
SteppingIconForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for stepping icon foreground.
HaltedIconForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for halted icon foreground.
GCIconForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for gcicon foreground.
LeftShiftBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for left shift background.
LeftShiftForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for left shift foreground.
RightShiftBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for right shift background.
RightShiftForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for right shift foreground.
AlphaForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for alpha foreground.
LowerAlphaForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for lower alpha foreground.
BatteryForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for battery foreground.
BatteryBackgroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for battery background.
VoltageForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for voltage foreground.
BatteryLevelForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for battery level foreground.
HalfBatteryForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for half battery foreground.
LowBatteryForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for low battery foreground.
ChargingForegroundTheme color (24-bit RGB value) for charging foreground.